Frank g



4(No Model.)

' F. G. JOHNSON.

VENTILATOR.

No. 394,577. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

N. PETERS. Pnum'umognpher, wasnmgtou, D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK G. JOHNSON, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

VENTILATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,577, dated December18, 1888.

Application filed January 28, 1888. Serial No. 262,199. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK G. JOHNSON, a citizen ot' the United States,residing' in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Ventilator-s for Ships, Public Buildings,Residences, &c., of which the following' is a specitication.

My invention relates to ventilators which depend for their action uponlateral currents of air outside ot the places to be ventilated,especially with ships and other vessels and mines which, forventilation, depend solely upon a d ownward current of air blown downthrough cowls, (monks hoods,) and where there is no possible provisionfor lateral currents, as there is in buildings.

The object of my invention is to improve the usual cowl, as employed onships and other vessels, in such a manner as not only to draw upward andoutward (from the places to be ventilated) a current of foul air, butthereby to greatly increase the downward current of fresh air, whereby aconstant free and general circulation ot' air takes place and ismaintained wherever there is the least lateral current passing into themouth ot' the cowl or funnel, which is always had by the forward motionof the vessel, or by the wind in case ot' an application ot' the deviceto buildings. I attain these results by the means illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a sectional side view seenon the line a; c of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a front view looking into the mouthof cowl or funnel; Fig. 3, a small side sketch to show that a windvanemay be attached at the back of the cowl to set the mouth of the same tothe windward; and Fig. el, a view to show the construction ot' thecentral part of the device, to be hereinafter described.

A is an ordinary ship-cowl or air-tunnel ot peculiar form commonlyemployed for collecting and forcing' air down through the deck ofvessels to supply fresh and cool air to apartments below, which ot'itself provides no special means for the escape of the foul and hot air,except as the fresh, cool, foul, andhot air commingle together andreturn through the funnel A, for in ships (with hatches down) there isno escape for air below deck.

B is a funnel of symmetrical form, as best shown in Fig'. l, set andfastened within the cowl or funnel A. This funnel B is only abouttwo-litths of the size and capacity of funnel A, and, being placed atthe lower (and so the least ettective) part of the funnel A, it does notgreatly diminish the capacit-y of the funnel A to convey air below deck.This funnel B extends in a right horizontal line from the front to theback of the funnel A, the mouth of the one funnel being iiush with theother. The back or rear end of the funnel B passes through the back ofthe cowl A, with which it forms a rigid and .air-tight joint,terminating with an open end, b.

Inserted into the lower side of the tubular portion of the funnel B is atube or pipe, C, the upper end of which (within the tube of the funnelB) has a peculiar opening, c c c, Fig. l, the back or rear portion ofwhich is cut away, so that the current of air passing through the tunnelB will produce more or less of a vacuum where it is cut away, and thusdraw the air up through the tube or pipe C. The upper end of the tube orpipe C is small enough to allow the air to freely pass by it whenpassing' through the funnel B, as seen in l `ig. L. The lower end ot'the tube or pipe C joins with a working-joint the system ofconveying-pipes D D D, which are, or may be, rigidly and variouslyfixed, and which may extend to various apartments below deck. The lowerend ot' the cowl A passes a short distance below the deck E E, as shownby a Ct, and rests on a ring or shoulder iixed to the cowl, as shown byd a. Upon this ring or shoulder the cowl maybe rotated to place itsmouth toward the wind, or the cowl may be provided with a wind-vane, d,Fig. 3, so as to be turned to the wind (tlitoiiiatically, which may beemployed when the device is used for Ventilating mines and variousbuildings.

It will be seen that the entire device, as it rests on the shoulder d aand as supported by the decks ot' ships or roots ot houses, is one rigidapparatus.

Having' described the various parts and their relation to each other andthe function of each, the explanation of the operation of my inventionis briefly described follows: The device being turned face to the wind,(referring to Fig. 1,) a current of air passes into and down through thecowl or funnel A,

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as represented by the arrows. At the same time a current of air alsopasses through the funnel B, as represented by the arrows at b, whichproduces a vacuum on the back side of the top c ofthe pipe C, whichproduces an upward current of air through the pipe C, as represented bythe arrows in and emerging therefrom. The system of conveying-pipes D DD being connected by swivel-joint a, Fig. l,to the pipe C, the foul orhot air orboth are ,drawn from any part of any apartment to which they(the conveying-pipes D D D) may be extended, as represented by thearrows therein. Hence, by this simple device, fresh or cool air or bothare carried down more freely by the foul or hot air or both beingsimultaneously drawn up, thus producing a constant circulation of air, acurrent down and a current up, by the same device, the two oppositecurrents being reciprocally, intensified the one bythe other.

I am aware that cowls or funnels are employed-such, for instance, as thecowl A, shown in my accompanying drawings-and I am also aware thatcommunicating pipes placed at right angles to each other are employed toproduce upward currents of air by a current passing through one tocreate a current in the other, as may be illustrated by the funnels Band pipes C in my accompanying' drawings, and I am aware, too, thatfunnels in ventilators have been arranged one within another.

IVhat I claim, therefore, as new and useful, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-- In a ventilator, the combination of the two funnelsA and B,one within the other, the interior one, B,having-its rearopening through the back of the exterior one, A, the pipe C, locatedwithin the downward opening of funnel A, and having its upper endextended up into and across the narrow passage-way of funnel B, andhaving the rear portion thereof within the said funnel B cut away,whereby a current of air through the said funnel B creates more or lessof a vacuumbehind the remaining portion of the said pipe C where it iscut away, thus creating an upward current of air in the said pipe,substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

FRANK G. JOHNSON.

Vitnesses:

FRANK R. JOHNSON, XVILLIAM T. B. MILLIKEN.

